NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

The essential coenzyme for cellular energy production and DNA repair that declines significantly with age.

Molecular Weight

663.43 Da

Half-Life

~1–2 hours

Typical Dose

250–1000 mg

Cycle Length

Ongoing or quarterly courses

Description

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a dinucleotide coenzyme found in every living cell, existing in oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms. It is one of the most critical molecules in human biology, serving as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and as a substrate for over 500 enzymatic reactions. NAD+ levels decline by approximately 50% between ages 40 and 60, and this decline is now recognized as a central driver of multiple hallmarks of aging including mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic instability, and impaired cellular senescence clearance. Direct NAD+ supplementation via IV or subcutaneous injection bypasses the rate-limiting steps of oral precursor conversion (NMN, NR) and rapidly restores cellular NAD+ pools. Research interest has expanded dramatically following discoveries linking NAD+ to sirtuin activation, PARP-mediated DNA repair, and the regulation of circadian rhythms.

Key Characteristics

Molecular FormulaC21H27N7O14P2

Molecular Weight663.43 Da

Half-Life~1–2 hours (IV)

Administration RoutesIntravenous (preferred), Subcutaneous injection, Intramuscular injection

Typical Dose250–1000 mg

FrequencyWeekly to monthly (IV); daily (SC)

Investigated Benefits

Increased cellular energy (ATP)

DNA repair activation

Sirtuin activation

Improved cognitive function

Enhanced mitochondrial function

Anti-aging effects

* Benefits based on preclinical/animal research unless otherwise noted.

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